RMB301Xuất hiện trong 1 đề thi
(23091) Saunders et al. (2012) maintained that internal validity is established when your research demonstrates a causal relationship between two variables. Which of the following are threats to internal validity?
Các lựa chọn
A(i) Testing: informed participants may alter their work behavior under research if they believe that research results may affect their future.
B(ii) Mortality: participants may withdraw from studies, e.g. leaving jobs.
C(iii) Ambiguity about causal direction: cause and effect are not clear.
DAll of (i), (ii), and (iii).